cs 430 -- project #2
justin knowlden
illinois institute of technology
knowjus@charlie.cns.iit.edu



this project was done for the sole purpose of learning game theory and creating a.i. for the game of othello. i observed that othello should stay as a true 2-player game (hum. vs. hum. or comp. vs. comp.).


introduction
    the problem was to code a sufficient algorithm to support the a.i. for the computer player of the game othello. the core of the problem was design an evaluation function to score the board using the min-max game tree theory and the alpha/beta pruning game tree theory.

materials and methods
    i wrote this program (at least the evaluation functions) on my pentium 90 with 16 MB of ram using linux/C++. i wrote a min-max game tree and also an alpha/beta pruncing tree. for these two tree functions, i wrote 3 separate evaluation functions to score the board.

results
    my first evaluation function simply made a move and counted up how many pieces it had on the baord giving one point to each piece regardless of position. this technique works fine on newbies (like when i first started) but doesn't work quite well on a little more advanced player.
    my second evaluation function used a little more advanced approach. it used the strategy of edges and corners being the most important to obtain. so corners were given the highest values, edges that weren't corners came in 2nd, inner edges (2nd row in) came in 3rd and everything else was 1pt.so the scoreing went 20-10-5-1. this well considering there are no inheirent strategies for periods of the game (beginning/end). sometimes the cpu wins and sometimes the human wins.
    the third evaluation is just a modified version of the 2nd evaluation. it works from the bottom-left hand corner out. meaning the values for a position are worth more in the bottom-left and less as we move out. edges are still worth more than inner position though. this works well as long the human player doesn't know the strategy.
    of the three evals., i like the 2nd the most. mainly because it attacks all edges making the game a little more random than if it just started attacking one section first.it also thinks the same way i would (since i wrote it) making the game fun. i'll make a better eval. once i have experience with the game. the runtime on a move is less than a second, so nothing to worry about there.

discussion
    this gives me insight into the logic of many games that are out there now. such as the computerized chess games with multiple levels of difficult. the levels are probably based on more in depth game trees and a little harsher evaluation function. i can now write many programs for hours of fun! :)
    one way to keep the opponent from using it's strategy against itself is to not let the oppeont know the strategy. another way is to randomize the move if the score is tied so as not to move on the first or last piece. otherwise, the computer is thinking just like the programmer who made it.

acknowldegements
    i thank myself and matt bauer who wrote the shell for the game. thanx!

appendices
    this includes 3 header files and 4 cpp files.
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