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The Kinetic Theory of Matter
In the second half of the nineteenth century scientists developed the kinetic theory of matter. This was an attempt to explain the properties
of matter- regardless of the state the matter is in- gas, liquid or solid. The word kinetic comes from the Greek “kinetikos” meaning moving.
So the kinetic theory is based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion and that this motion has consequences. Here we discuss gases.
But first, let’s look at the assumptions of the kinetic theory.
- Matter consists of a large number of tiny particles.
In gases, the particles are about 1000 times farther apart than they are either in liquids or solids. This accounts for their lower density and better compressibility.
- The particles are in constant motion moving in straight lines and thus have kinetic energy.
- all collisions between the gas particles and the sides of the container are elastic.
- There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between the particles of a gas.
- The average kinetic energy of a particle is directly proportional to the Kelvin Temperature of the gas.
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