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Fonts
You will need
to define your fonts at the beginning of any LaTeX document. After defining
them, you'll only need to use font commands to change the font, for instance
to bold or italicize a word or words.
In LaTeX,
there are generally three styles within any font family, which are
distinguished as font family, font shape, and font series. The commands for
family, shape, and series are commutative, so they can be combined as with
the command:
{\bfseries\itshape\sfffamily text you want in bold, italics, and
sans-serif}
The above
command would make the type in bold, italic, and sans-serif. The commands
for font can only be combined as long as they aren't contradictory.
Contradictory font commands would be trying to get slanted italics, or
attempting to combine different font families.
LaTeX expects
three font families as defaults.
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Font
Family
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Code
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Command
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Roman
(serif, with tails on the uprights) as the default
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rm
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\textrm{text}
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Sans-serif,
with no tails on the uprights
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sf
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\textsf{text}
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Monospace
(fixed-width or typewriter)
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tt
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\texttt{text}
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For the common
type shape and series commands, use the simplified syntax in the table
below.
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Type Style
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Command
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Example
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Italic
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\textit{words
in italics}
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puts
the words in the brackets in italics
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Slanted
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\textsl{words
to be slanted}
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puts
a few words in slanted type.
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Small
Capitals
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\textsc{words
to be in small capitals}
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puts
the words in the brackets in small capitals
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Bold
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\textbf{words
to be in bold}
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puts
the words in brackets in bold
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Sans-serif
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\textsf{words
to be in sans-serif}
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puts
the words into sans-serif type
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Monospace
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\texttt{words
to be in monospace}
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puts
a few words in typewriter type
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Emphasis
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\emph{word}
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italicizes
word(s). When the surrounding text is in italics, LaTeX knows to read \emph{words}
as emphasized and so it will unitalicize words when used within
surrounding text already in italics.
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Monospace
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{\tt
words}
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Monospaces
all words within the curly braces.
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Italics
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{\it
words}
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Italicizes
all words within the curly braces.
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Font
Size
Font
size in LaTeX is controlled with font size commands. Please note that you
will need to reset the font size with one of these commands after changing
it. Also, note that certain commands may overrule the font size commands;
for instance, the \end{center} will cancel the font size commands. If you
want to select just some text for a size change, use the following commands
in the bracket, command, bracket words, close bracket, close bracket
syntax; like this: {\huge{short}}. The commands and their sizes are listed
in the table below.
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Command
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Nominal Point Size
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Exact Point Size
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\tiny
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5
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5
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\scriptsize
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7
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7
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\footnotesize
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8
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8
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\small
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9
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9
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\normalsize
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10
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10
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\large
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12
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12
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\Large
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14
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14.40
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\LARGE
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18
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17.28
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\huge
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20
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20.74
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\Huge
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24
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24.88
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Changing
Fonts
If
you use any packages that change the font, those packages will change the
default of the same type. For instance, using the Bookman font (which is done
by using this command in the preamble: \usepackage{bookman})makes
the default Roman font Bookman, but leaves the sans-serif and monospace
fonts alone. Similarly, using the Helvetica font (done with this command in
the preamble: \usepackage{helvet}) changes the default sas-serif
font to Helvetica, but leaves the Roman and Monospace fonts alone. When
changing fonts, you can do so like this, using the command and calling the
particular font, or you can change all of the default fonts at once with
the following commands.
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Command
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Changes
the defaults to
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times
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Times,
Helvetica, Courier
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pslatex
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same
as Times, but uses a specially narrowed Courier. This is preferred over
Times because of the way it handles Courier.
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newcent
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New
Century Schoolbook, Avant Garde, Courier
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palatino
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Palatino,
Helevetica, Courier
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palatcm
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changes
the Roman to Palatino only, but uses CM mathematics
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For
more on the fonts available with a typical LaTeX installation, please see the
documentation in the IMAGE Lab (page 75 in A Beginner's Guide to
Typsetting with LaTeX). Also, please note that there are many more
fonts available for download.
Changing
Fonts Temporarily
To
change the font temporarily, first group the text where you want the font
changed in curly braces. Then, use the commands \fontencoding,
\fontfamily, and \selectfont. These commands should be used
immediately inside the opening curly braces, like:
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{\fontfamily{phv}\selectfont
Helvetica looks like this}
and {\fontencoding{OT1}\fontfamily{ppl} Palatino looks like this}.
}
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The above
commands would make a sentence where "Helvetica looks like
this" would be in the Helvetica font (phv is the code for Helvetica)
and "and" would be in the default font and "Palatino looks
like this" would be in the Palatino font (denoted with the Palatino
code, which is ppl). This example would be very rare, but it shows how
the fonts can be changed in the most extreme circumstances.
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Font
Color
Using
the color package (which must be called in the Preamble), you can typeset
LaTeX in any color. To add the color package in the Preamble, use the
command:
\usepackage{color}
The
color package makes a default color package available. The colors available
with this are: red, green, and blue (for screen display) and cyan, magenta,
and yellow (to go with black for the CMYK color model for printing). To
make a single word or phrase in color, use the command:
\textcolor{color}{words to be in color}
For example, \textcolor{red}{text in red}
For
more on color and how to use 255 colors, please see the documentation in
the IMAGE Lab.
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